What Is Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER)?

Most ecological studies around the world are conducted at a limited spatial extent and for a short period of time. For many years, long-term studies were difficult to perform and most funding programmes were given to studies that focused on short-term experiments. Today it is clear that data collected and stored for the long-term are essential for our understanding of environmental changes, and they have important consequences for nature conservation and management.

The conclusions drawn from long-term ecological studies are different in many cases from those drawn from short-term studies, and many ecological processes are essentially long-term, and should be studied over time. Similarly, there is a growing need to predict the expected changes to ecosystems over relatively long time periods.

During the 1980s, researchers in the USA began establishing research stations for long-term monitoring of such processes. In 1993, an international network for long-term ecological research (LTER) was established with the aim of creating collaborations among scientists from different places around the world and facilitating interdisciplinary and comparative studies.

The main topics that the network focuses on at the global scale are

biodiversity loss, climate change, changes in soil quality and water resource availability and the impact of toxic pollutants and chemicals.

A very important step in long-term studies is the formulation of a ‘work protocol’ in which the methods are defined and the standards for sampling and data processing are determined. In this way similar studies can be conducted in different regions and/or at different times in the same region.

Establishment of a long-term ecological research station at Ramat Hanadiv as part of the global and Israeli LTER network

As described above, Ramat Hanadiv has invested efforts in ecological research since 1985.

Most of the studies performed during this period lasted for two to four years. In 2000, a thinking process was initiated to determine where we are and where we are headed.

We reached the understanding that we have over 20 years of short-term research behind us, during which a very large amount of data has accumulated from more than 40 researchers on a range of topics, methods and scales. These data were collected without long-term considerations and with no integration between them.

On the other hand, many topics we deal with at Ramat Hanadiv – such as vegetation development (succession), effects of different management actions and disturbances (such as fire, grazing, wood cutting) on the ecosystem, as well as the impact of climate change – require long-term research. This research is designed to guide park management and act as an ecological knowledge base that will also be used to develop different educational programmes.

After a period of discussion, an LTER station was established at Ramat Hanadiv in September 2003.

Within the framework of this activity, and in addition to studies dealing with specific research questions, the programme at Ramat Hanadiv includes long-term monitoring of several predetermined variables and organisms:

gazelles, partridges, songbirds, butterflies, herbaceous vegetation and woody vegetation. Climate data are collected from a meteorological station located in the park. The data collected for the long-term will be collated into an online database and serve as baseline data for future studies.

Long-term monitoring at Ramat Hanadiv has two main aims: scientific and applicable. Our objective is that a combination of monitoring and management will allow us, over the long term, to conserve and enrich the diversity of species, communities, landscapes and processes that characterise the Mediterranean landscape in the park; to develop new methods for research, monitoring and management, so that the park will serve as a model for open landscape management in the Mediterranean region; to build models for predicting the expected temporal and spatial changes in the ecosystem; and to strengthen the link between scientific research and education and public awareness through increasing accessibility to the research results on the internet and educating for scientific thinking by involving students in research.

Recognising the importance of a long-term vision has also affected the short-term studies being performed at Ramat Hanadiv. Data recording, for example, is performed according to accepted standards, so that data from short-term studies can be saved for the long term and used for synthesis and comparisons.

More than 15 years of long-term research at Ramat Hanadiv have taught us that significant data collection is question- and aim-oriented, and emphasised the importance of data analysis, its assimilation in management, and an ability to deal with the conclusions. Together with these insights, our recognition that values and worldviews affect considerations and decisions became sharper, and the need to include the human component in the monitoring programme became clearer.

Additional links

Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe

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Accessibility

Tour Options for People with Special Needs

Accompanied by one of our guides, you will be able to have a custom-made visit tailored to your group

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Sustainability

Sustainable Gardening

Sustainable gardening is defined as gardening that considers the needs of the current generation without harming the needs of future generations. It includes garden design that considers the existing elements on site – the landscape, soil, environment and vegetation suitable for the region

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Dining Here

Dining

To complete your Ramat Hanadiv experience, you are cordially invited to enjoy the culinary pleasures of Mata’im, the cafe-restaurant on our premises.

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Sustainable Gardening

Gardening in the previous century was characterized by high-maintenance garden design, ostentatious use of plants and inanimate elements foreign to the environment, and overuse of non-environmentally friendly fertilizers and pest control agents. While this approach produced immediate results, they came at the heavy price of environmental and groundwater pollution, diminished soil fertility, invasive vegetation, long work hours to control fast-growing plants, and routine use of mechanical equipment.

At the Visitors Pavilion, a garden of wild plants and a garden of cultivated plants exist side by side

With the increased global awareness of wastage and the environmental damage hidden in this approach, a contrasting trend arose to create sustainable interactions in ornamental gardens.

Sustainable gardening is defined as gardening that considers the needs of the current generation without harming the needs of future generations. It includes garden design that considers the existing elements on site – the landscape, soil, environment and vegetation suitable for the region. Sustainable gardening espouses a low level of maintenance and implementation of gardening methods that enrich the soil, increases the natural resistance of the vegetation to diseases and pests and avoid use of chemical fertilizers and control agents as much as possible.

The main aim of this kind of gardening is to reach a long-term balance between all components of the garden.

Ramat Hanadiv by number

The gates of Ramat Hanadiv are open to visitors 365 days a year (except Yom Kippur). The site is visited by over 500 thousand visitors per year, who enjoy the expanses of the Nature Park covering 450 hectares, the walking trails and the cycling trails. In the center of the Nature Park are the 7-hectare Memorial Gardens dedicated to the memory of Baron Rothschild and his wife. A connecting link between these two points of interest is the Visitors Pavilion, where a garden of wild plants and a garden of cultivated plants exist side by side.

Sustainable gardening is expressed in the Memorial Gardens, in the Visitors Pavilion and in the ‘Green Space’ in a number of ways:

Maintaining landscape resources

The garden design of 1936 designated less than 50% of the garden areas to cultivated plants. The remainder of the land (about 4 hectares) remained adorned with local wild plants. As a result, during all four seasons of the year visitors can enjoy displays of native vegetation inside the gardens themselves.
During the dry summer, cultivated plants with a range of foliage colors (such as Acalypha and golden dewdrop) and interesting textures (such as cat’s tail asparagus) take center stage. The vast majority of the plants are perennials, and do not require intensive maintenance.
When constructing the Visitors Pavilion, great efforts were invested in preserving existing landscape assets, such as carob, pine and oak trees. The garden integrated pleasant-looking rocks, with their accompanying vegetation.

Rocks that were dug out on site were crushed and integrated into the construction. On the building’s roof, soil mixed with crushed rock was spread out and enriched with locally-produced compost. In addition, through awareness and planning, the number of parking spaces for cars was reduced in order to plant many trees that will provide shade in the future to 80% of the parking lot area.

Water resource managementThe irrigation system in the Memorial Gardens was made more efficient using remote control. Likewise the amounts of water used to irrigate lawns and shrubs were reduced. The seasonal flowerbed area, a relatively high water consumer, was reduced to one percent of the garden area, and the freed-up area was filled with perennial vegetation with reduced water consumption.The garden of the Visitors Pavilion was planted with Israeli wild plants suited to the local climate, which after their establishment can be disconnected from the dripper lines and manage with the winter rains. An example of such plants are herbs and medicinal plants including rosemary, lavender, hyssop, oregano, fringed rue, tree wormwood, common sage, white micromeria and others; shrubs and trees such as European olive, Syrian maple, mastic tree, Palestine oak and Mount Tabor oak, sage-leaved rock rose and pink rock rose, wild grape, Judas tree and mock privet; and corms and bulbs such as Persian cyclamen.
Diversion of marginal water (from air conditioners) and blackwater from the Visitors Pavilion to the biodisk purification plant.

From the purification plant the clean water flows through purple dripper lines to a designated irrigation plot in the service area.
In the Visitors Pavilion runoff water is drained into four drainage pits, penetrates the soil through penetration pits and is absorbed into the garden areas.
The garden integrates ground cover with wood chips to maintain soil moisture and a pleasant temperature for the root systems, reduce reflected radiation, improve irrigation efficiency, prevent weed growth and enrich the soil as the wood chips slowly decompose.

Conservation of rare wild species is also important to us; these plants are grown in Ramat Hanadiv’s nursery area, to be planted in suitable areas around the Park.

Zero waste in the Garden

Garden waste leaving the Gardens or collected from the Nature Park is taken to Ramat Hanadiv’s composite site. There it is crushed, piled up into piles and decomposes slowly. Soil, rocks and tree trunks are kept on site, and are re-integrated as needed.

A Garden without poison

We minimize fertilizer and pest control with chemicals in the Gardens. Our approach is that a plant which is planted in the most suitable environmental conditions will reach its potential, be strong and not require special treatment. In the Memorial Gardens we do not use leaf blowers, and we implement follow-up and early monitoring of diseases and pests.

Integrating local vegetation

We established an Oncocyclus iris garden in the Memorial Gardens. The irises were collected from disturbed habitats around the country, acclimated and buried in the extensive areas (irrigated by rain alone, with no supplementary summer irrigation) in the Memorial Gardens. Conservation of rare wild species is also important to us; these plants are grown in Ramat Hanadiv’s nursery area, to be planted in suitable areas around the Park.

A garden that attracts animals

Sustainable gardening supports local animals by creating a supportive habitat for them. An example of this is the Ecological Footprint Garden. This picturesque garden is based on vegetation that attracts butterflies, for nectar and as hosts. Butterflies are used as bio-indicators of the balance in their environment, and provide a glimpse of the biological diversity at their service. Such a garden also supports songbirds, for which the Garden’s tree branches provide defense, a place to nest and a food supply.

Positive interactions between humans and the environment

For over 50 years, the Gardens have been serving the broad public that comes for occasional visits, or to enjoy educational activities and cultural events, such as concerts in the shade of the trees and in the amphitheater. Another activity that contributes to strengthening the connection to the community is the work of volunteers from the nearby environment who work in the different divisions at Ramat Hanadiv.

All this is done via consideration of the local plants and animals; we create a supportive habitat for them by limiting the active hours to daylight hours in order to free up the area for the animals during the night hours.

In summary, the vision of Ramat Hanadiv, expressed through commitment to maintaining harmonious interactions between humans and nature, is reflected in the implementation of sustainable gardening throughout the Gardens, while sharing the knowledge accumulated in this field over many years with the professional and amateur public.

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Mata'im Restaurant

Kiosk

The Picnic Site

To complete your Ramat Hanadiv experience, you are cordially invited to enjoy the culinary pleasures of Mata’im, the cafe-restaurant on our premises. With an accent on absolutely fresh ingredients and healthful eating, Mata’im offers a top-quality (kosher) dairy menu that brings diners to a new appreciation of the earth, of roots, and of the magnificent environment enveloping themselves and the restaurant.

Mata’im is also proud of its social agenda: Part its staff is comprised of youth at risk, who are being trained for work in the restaurant business — paving their way to fruitful careers and successful integration in society.

Mata’im – The Natural Place for Your Next Event

The restaurant is a relaxed and gracious venue for catered private celebrations and business events. Alongside Mata’im are meeting rooms and an auditorium equipped with the latest technology — the perfect site for seminars, staff meetings, training sessions, lectures and workshops.

Opening Hours:
Sun – Thurs: 8 a.m.-2 p.m. | Friday: 8:00 – 13:00 (On Fridays, openings hours may change. It is recommended to check before arriving).
See below opening hours during the holidays.

To reserve restaurant tables in advance (highly recommended) or plan an event, please ring us at: 04-8449998

For coordination and clarification regarding events only:

Business Events: Bell Ifraimov 053-469-8392
Private Events: Eran Peretz 053-611-0941

Diners at the restaurant pay only NIS 10 for parking. To obtain the discount please ask the restaurant staff.